Strategic Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Strategic Business Analysis - Essay Example In this paper, the discussion would revolve around the current state of the security management market in United Kingdom. The objective is to provide an overview of the UK security industry and this had been done taking into consideration one of the leading banks of UK – Abbey National Plc.UK security companies and their services are world leaders, achieving success with equipment and services in overseas markets, particularly in America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. The UK security industry was worth  £4.37 billion in 2002, divided into electronic security  £1.4 billion, physical security  £331 million, police and public services  £63 million and manned security  £1.79 billion. The first study that looked at non-public policing sector was perhaps that undertaken during the 1980s by Stephen and Shannon, which investigated the increasing significance of the private security industry in Canada (Stephen and Shannon 1981, 1982, 1995). In the UK, similar stu dies illustrating the importance of the private security industry were also undertaken around this time (Robert 1993; Anthony 1965). The next stage of research was the recognition there was also a wide range of voluntary, public sector and quasi-public sector organizations engaged in security management (Chandler 1962; Stern and Stalk 1998). Such has been the change in the focus of the study of security management that, today; much of the literature now considers the ‘pluralisation’ or ‘fragmentation’ of security (Bayley and Shearing 1996; Chandler 1962).

Coffee Industry Essay Example for Free

Coffee Industry Essay People usually drink coffee to stay up while awake at night, besides that many people rely on coffee to get their day started. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, â€Å"Drinking coffee can lead to a longer life†; however, many consumers have no idea of the impact of habits on their coffee and coffee farmers around the globe, ethical issues of consumers with the industry is not fair; but to coffee farmers, the issues are human rights violations and use of child labor issues need to be addressed. To remedy this situation, the fair trade will hopefully improve the living conditions of some of the poorest people in the world through certified value and the change in the consumers choice. Coffee is one of the most valuable commodities in the world, most of the farmers in the form of small retail and come from developing countries, although the majority of coffee sales are in the America and Europe many people around the world rely on coffee to work and have a better life; however, to producing quality coffee, farmers have to work very hard though farmers receive very little money and the inequity of the coffee producing companies when they sell coffee. Working conditions of farmers in the plantations are very different, although they work hard , but it paid for exploitation, for example , in Guatemala , coffee pickers to harvest 100 pounds to get the minimum wage $ 3 per day (The Problem with Fair Trade Coffee 2010),farmers have to work overtime and do not earn extra money, so farmers use child labor for the production of coffee to save money and use these chemicals effect of the human body in order for a fast development of coffee sale on the market. Moreover, using the chemicals and the development of the coffee industry adversely affect habitat and species decline. In addition, forests are cut down to coffee production affects the environment and soil erosion. According to World Wildlife Fund (WWF), â€Å"converting forest to tea and coffee agriculture can also create erosion and soil loss† (WWF 2010) ; Yet the farmers have no choice and/or the opportunity to change. According to the International Coffee Organization or ICO â€Å"Coffee production in 2012 was 144 611 000 bags, mostly from less developed countries such as, Brazil 50 826 000 bags ,Vietnam 22 000 000 bags and Indonesia 12 730 000 bags â€Å" (ICO 2013), though coffee production is highly ranked in the world, but farmers still do not get enough money to pay for life, for example. Vietnam in 2012, producing nearly 30 % of world coffee production but the turnover is only 10 % of the total trade value obtained from the global industry, the main reason is due to their ability to improve processing of value and coffee products are limited, coffee roasting plants in countries with rates lower than 10%, when farmers sells 1kg of coffee beans, farmers gets about 2 dollars or an average price of one cup of coffee oversea, yet 1 kg of coffee can make 50 cups. In addition, the links between farmers and enterprises are not strong, the lack of information on farmers markets, so farmers often extorted. Moreover, the risk of crop failure is the fear of the coffee growers. Most of the profits from coffee for export processing enterprises, coffee farmers only enjoy a small percentage. That has caused insecurity for farmers. Solution to this problem is the fair trade. According to Wikimedia, Fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced and marketed to a stated set of standards. Many Customers pay a higher price when buying coffee with the certification logo or brand in the Belief Furniture , by doing so, they are helping farmers in the Third World . In particular, the fair trade coffee movement gives a reasonable price to the Farmers who were being a low wage labor exploitation. However, achieve certification of fair trade, farmers must meet several conditions of production as farmers have to meet a large variety of production standards : there are limits on the use of child labor , pesticides , herbicides , genetically modified products , etc. With these standards met, both consumers and farmers can benefit, with farmers getting the sufficient amount of money for their products, and the consumers getting their product knowing it’s safe to consume and has no effect on the producers financially or ethnically. These farmers must cooperate with businesses to produce the certified products, such amounts received will be higher and the lives of the farmers would be better. In addition, consumers should choose certified products in the supermarket or the market as this will support and will be helpful for farmers. In conclusion, fair trading is the way for farmers and coffee producers to get a higher amount, and will change lives for the better. Therefore farmers should choose fair trade to ensure benefits and consumers should choose products that have been certified to support the farmers. Reference * The problem with Fair Trade Coffee. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ssireview. org/articles/entry/the_problem_with_fair_trade_coffee * Coffee Production and Labor. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. organicconsumers. org/starbucks/coffeelabor. htm * Fair Trade Coffee * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee * International Coffee Organization- EXPORTING COUNTRIES: TOTAL PRODUCTION * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ico. org/prices/po. htm. * Health and effect of Coffee * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee * Environmental Impacts of Coffee and Tea Production * Retrieved September 2, 2013 from http://www. hellogreentomorrow. com/blog/2010/11/environmental-impacts-of-coffee-and-tea-production.

Definition Essay - Defining Professionalism -- Expository Definition E

Defining Professionalism Academics believe that professional occupations are those that are full-time occupations, have a commitment to a calling, have formalized organization, are based on specialized education of exceptional duration and difficulty, exhibit a service orientation, and are autonomous. Students feel that a professional is anyone who acts in a professional way and has creditable knowledge of their field. The two are vying for increased recognition in the elite group known as professionals. The academic community wishes to restrict the values of professionalism’s definition. Society wishes to let itself into the professional community by broadening those values. Each side seeks its own best interests in an eternal power struggle. What exactly is the proper definition of professionalism? Also, once a definition is found, how is it enforced? The academic community seems to have settled on a definition, however it differs largely from that of the college students surveyed. The college students, though they are pre-professionals, have a view that is very relaxed, allowing more fields to be considered professional. According to Wilbert E. Moore, The Professions: Rules and Roles, professionalism entails these six values: Full-time occupation, a commitment to a calling, has a formalized organization, is based on specialized education of exceptional duration and difficulty, exhibits a service orientation, and is autonomous. Because of this, occupations such as doctors and lawyers would be considered professional, however, computer programmers would not be professional since they do not have a formal organization overseeing the occupation, or a corporate CEO is also not ... ...and training, it should be deemed professional. Though the academic community attempts to regulate the standards of professionalism, it is the general public who has the last say. Academics may be professionals, but they are not autonomous with regards to the interpretation of the language. Society disagrees with the definition of professionalism; they disagree with the community that regulates professionalism. The academic definition goes against society’s best interest. Because of this, there will always be a disagreement. A compromise will not be reached. Academics will always support values that limit the membership of the elite group they will always be a part of. Society seeks broad values that will provide membership for all. Until the two can agree it is simply disputed territory, like two countries in an relentless struggle for power.

Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children(Child Abuse Statistics & Facts). Child abuse doesn’t necessarily have to be physical, it can be mental, emotional, or sexual, it can even be neglect. Abuse doesn’t only effect the child being abused but it also affects the people witnessing the abuse. Child abuse can affect the child in many different ways. There can be many effects of abuse on the child (Kraizer). The worst way the child can be affected is suicide. Every child abuse case is different in its own way. Of course child abuse can lead to problems and suffering, but it's not that simple. Every child will have a different way of dealing with the problem that they think is alright because they have been raised knowing only that. Common effects of child abuse; Nightmares or difficulty sleeping, low self-esteem, antisocial behavior, including rebelliousness or running away, increased hostility or aggression. Feelings of fear, shame, anger, guilt, anxiety, or confusion are often found in a child that is being abused. The child will tend to stay away from other children and play by themselves. A child that is abused will most likely be abused until they are a teenager and will usually find themselves in an abusive relationship later in life, if they’re not being abused they will usually be the abuser. The child will most likely be effected by the abuse their whole lives, and will need therapy in some point in their lives. But most cannot afford it so they live with the thoughts of being abused all their lives. Many people are not aware of the long-term effects abuse can have on a child. Whether a child experiences abused, or witnesses it, the effects often affect the physical, intellectual, and emotional growth of the child. April is Child Abuse Prevention Month (Child Abuse: An American Epidemic). It is a time organizations try to make the public aware that there are children being abused everyday. It is not the only time they make it aware to the public, they do it all year long. During this month organizations try to educate people on how to bring healing to those who are being abused. Infants and toddlers (0 - 2 ½ Years ) have developmental problems. They don’t have much response to chaotic, loud, and harmful environments. Emotional withdra... ...th abuse after it is over is the toughest thing to handle, most people that could afford therapy go to it, but since most people can‘t afford it they try to deal with it the best they can. Although in most cases the child is removed from the home that the abuse is happening in, sometimes child abuse can slip by unnoticed and that can have severe consequences on the child as well as others. Everyone is urged to report child abuse if they suspect it is happening, there are anonymous numbers that you can call to report abuse. In the worst case scenario child abuse can later in life lead to suicide. Work Cited Joseph S. Volpe. â€Å"Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview.† Web. 16 May 2015. http://www.aets.org/arts/art8.htm Sherryll Kraizer. â€Å"Child Abuse: Effects.† Web. 16 May 2015. http://www.safechild.org/childabuse5.htm â€Å"Child Abuse Statistics & Facts† Web. 16 May 2015. https://www.childhelp.org/child-abuse-statistics/ â€Å"Social and/or Emotional Effects of Sexual Abuse.† Web. 16 May 2015. http://www.uen.org/utahlink/lp_res/husex091.htm Landau, Elaine. Child Abuse: An American Epidemic. Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990

Benefits of Hosting Olympics

The Olympic Games first started at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. At that time, the games held were organized into festivals. There was a peace agreement called the scared truce between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The reasons for hosting the Olympic Games at that time fall into three obvious aspects —— the honour of competing, the opportunity for trade and also, for peace. The reason why cities bid to hold the Olympics now are more complicated than in ancient time. But the main reasons remain the same. Cities may bid to host the Olympics to raise their International status by opening a door to the whole world, boost their economy, and enrich their culture and so on. All in all, cities want to promote the pace of their development by holding such a big event like the Olympics. Cities also have high expectations about the legacy benefits of the Games. Some of the main benefits will be identified later in this article. However, the benefits that are claimed in relation to hosting the Olympic Games are hard to measure. Those main benefits will be evaluated by taking the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games for instance. The legacy benefits of the Olympic Games can be indentified through four aspects —— political, economical, environmental and as the Olympic Games is a big sporting event, the last one should be sport. Politics had no place in the ancient games. The event was made possible in part by a truce that allowed visitors and competitors to travel to Olympia safely. During the truce there was no war, no executions, and no military action. However, although it is claimed that the modern Olympics have nothing to do with the political, many countries bid to host the Olympic Games for many political reasons under different circumstance. The best example to examine the relationship between sport and politics was the two German states during the cold war between 1945 and the early 1970s, in which period the two German states competed to host the Olympic Games in order to establish their own political authority. (Hughes, Owen, 2009). The 1972 Munich (Germany) Games was no doubt a good stage to show the rebuild Germany after the war. The Olympic Games are somehow a stage to relief the political conflicts and help the host cities change their International image. In terms of economy, it is the most important area when talking about the benefits of the Olympic Games. Cities always have high expectations to develop their economy after hosting the Olympics. Although the 1980 Moscow Olympics left a great amount of debt to the host city, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic recovered people’s confidence. Matthewman (2009) indentified the legacy benefits of the Olympics’ economy benefits were included media exposure, employment and education training, infrastructure improving, increased trade, new investment and housing. However, the economic benefits of the Olympic Games are obviously much more than Matthewman described. There is a similar report printed by Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) claimed that the long-term economy benefits would include: A. Improvement of city productivity (e. g. better transportation) B. Cultivate the city’s management ability to deal with International event. C. Olympic-related trade. D. Media exposure. E. New investment and more job opportunities. F. Training project. G. Tourism industry Another benefit of the Olympics could be the improvement of city environment. After the International Olympic Committee (IOC) make the environment the third strand in 1994, cities have made their efforts to deliver cleaner and greener Games. The eco-friendly event made the sustainable development theory spread all over the world. The Olympic Games make a good contribution to arousing the awareness of protecting our environment which could be beneficial to the whole human society. As the Olympic Games combined different sporting event, it is most closely related to sports in the host cities. Firstly, the sports infrastructure could be improved as cities want to hold the Olympics. This improvement can have a good impact on their athels’ training conditions, sports watching industries and provide their citizens of more sports sources. Secondly, a big sporting event can arouse people’s interest in sport. Additionally, it is good for promoting sport in the host cities as a guide to develop a health living style among its citizens. This is good for citizens’ health and their quality of life. To evaluate these benefits, the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games can be a good example. According to Cashman (2002), the Olympic Games would help the host cities acquire high international reputation in terms of politics. As Australia has a history of its nation conflicts between local residents and emigrations, the 2000 Sydney Olympic did not be supported by their citizens. However, the Olympic organisers came up with many ideas especially by designed a long-distance torch relay program in order to unit the people. This excellent torch relay project which included 11,000runners, successfully changed people’s attitude and built a conception that the 2000 Sydney Olympic is not just about Sydney, it is about Australia as a whole(Haynes, 2001). The economic benefits of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are hardly measured because there are so many potential areas for long-term impact. However, a 2001 Price Waterhouse Coopers report showed that Sydney has benefited from the 2000 Olympic Games a large amount of profits, which included about $3 billion from new business, $7. billion was injected for infrastructure and promoting business of New South Wales, more than $6 billion from tourism and opening their door to attract International business projects. (Matthewman, 2009) In other words, the Sydney Games had not only gained more investments and improved the city’s infrastructure; it also developed the industry of tourism and gave the ability to manage large projects. The 2000 Sydney Olympi c Games was the first time the idea of the â€Å"Green Games† was adopted. Sydney had come up with five strategies before bidding to host the Olympic Games —— save energy, save water, reduce rubbish, prevent pollution and protect the natural environment (Cashman, 2002). As the benefits on environment are difficult to identify in a short period of time, it is not likely to attribute the environmental improvement to the â€Å"Green Olympic Game† only. However, the eco-friendly idea will surely make great contribute to the city’s environment. People’s awareness was established after the â€Å"Green Game†, and it was becoming more and more popular that individuals started to take environment their own responsibility. Sport itself has obviously benefited from the Games. Firstly, the Olympic Games appeared to contribute to the sports infrastructure. Sydney had built the high-level sport facilities which combined technology and art to host the events. These sports infrastructures would improve the athletes’ training conditions and provide large sports events among counties as well. Secondly, the Sydney Olympic Games tend to arouse local people’s interest in participating sports activities. The Sweeney Sport Report 2000/2001 showed there was a significant increasing trend of sports on TV viewing. According to Haynets’s (2001) report, it is claimed that this raised participation might also lead to some other benefits, such as heath and economic. However, it is hard to know whether the citizens’ interests can last for a long time. To conclude, cities bid to host the Olympic Games for their better developments. The Olympic Games have a great impact on many areas of the hosting cities, which obviously are not restricted to the four aspects above. The benefits of host cities can gain from the Games are quite different and difficult to measure. The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are a good example because it has won a high reputation for its successes. However, as there are always diverse proposals in different cities toward hosting the Olympics, it is important to have a detailed plan before both bidding and hosting the Games and reasonable expectations. Reference list Jill Hatnes(2001) ‘Social –economic impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2001 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/pdf/od013_eng. pdf Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) ‘The economic impact of the Olympic Games’. European Economic Outlook, June, p. 18-19 Richard Cashman(2002) ‘Impact of the Games on Olympic host cities’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2002 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/lec/pdf/cashman. pdf Richard Matthewman(2009) ‘Economic impacts of Olympic Games’. July, 2009 from http://maasterpieces. com/Documents/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Olympic%20Games. pdf R. Gerald Hughes, Rachel J. Owen (2009) ‘The Continuation of Politics by Other Means’: Britain, the Two Germanys and the Olympic Games, 1949–1972’. Contemporary European History, 18(4), pp. 443-474.

Internship Report on Meezan Bank Essays

Internship Report on Meezan Bank Essays Internship Report on Meezan Bank Paper Internship Report on Meezan Bank Paper Essay Topic: Bless Me Ultima ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Internship training for  the students of Commerce and Business is a complimentary portion of the education,  where students are  put at  various organizations of  their respective  specialization; to see and apply their theoretical knowledge what they have studied dur ing their academic program at the institute. Meezan Bank is one of those organizations where student can achieve his/her academic and  professional knowledge productively. In the preparation of this internship report, I acknowledge the encouragement and assistance given by a number of people from Meezan Bank Ltd. I found every one very co-operative and helpful for providing me the theoretical as well as practical knowledge about the function and operation of the bank. I am heartly grateful to CAD ( Housing) department, Manager CAD The Senior Vice President, Mustafa Mohsin, Assistant Manager Syed Adnan Ali, Officer Aurangzab, Qaiser, Naeem Javed. They have been most supportive people throught my internship. And I want to pay my thanks to Humail Jilani, Sana mehmood, Salman, Kashif, Ali, Rehan, faraz from Car Ijarah. Faraz Ahmed Jalal, Habeeb Siddiqui, Noman Ahmed Akif From Labbaik Laptop. Akrama Farroqi, Salman, Fahad Khan, from Housing. Raza Saeed, Amir, from RMU for their cooperation.. ABSTRACT This report is specially meant for students of commerce. It is concerned to a brief study of the operations, functions, Products and Services of Meezan Bank. Meezan Bank is the largest Islamic Banking Network of pakistan. Islamic banking one of the fastest growing segments of the financial industry. Banks serving the Islamic population must comply with several very specific principles of Islamic law if they hope to retain existing customers and attract new ones. Banks must be ready with specialized products and services and they must put programs in place to train their personnel to support these products and services in order to exist in this competitive marketplace. This Report contains detail of MBL Management structure, products and Functions along with their features. It also includes departmental work in MBL Consumer Head Office. INTRODUCTION OF MEEZAN BANK Meezan Bank Limited, a publicy listed company was incorporated on January 27, 1997 and started its operations as an investment Bank in August that year. In January 2002 Meezan bank was granted as nations full-fledged commercial bank licence as a dedicated Islamic Bank, by The State Bank of Pakistan. Meezan Bank is the first and largest Islamic Bank in Pakistan having a network of over 220 branches in over 60 cities across Pakistan. Meezan Bank offers a complete range of Islamic banking products and services, including free online banking for all Pak Rupee account at all its branches. Meezan Bank today a noteworthy point along with the evaluation of Islamic Banking in pakistan. Meezan Bank  is catering to an increasingly astute and demanding financial consumer who is also becoming keenly aware of Islamic Banking. Meezan Bank bears the critical responsibility of leading the way forward in establishing dynamic and stabled Islamic Banking System. Meezan Bank offereing valuable products and services to its customers without any violation of shariah principles. MISSION VISION STATEMENT OF MEEZAN BANK Vision [pic] |   | | |   | | |Establish Islamic banking as banking of first choice to facilitate the implementation of an equitable| | |economic system, providing a strong foundation for establishing a fair and just society for mankind. | Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |To be a premier Islamic bank, offering a one-stop shop for innovative   | | |value-added products and services to our customers within the bounds of Shariah, while optimizing | | |the stakehol ders value through an organizational culture based on learning, fairness, respect for | | |individual enterprise and performance. | Service Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |   | | |To develop a committed service culture which ensures the consistent delivery of our products and | | |services within the highest quality service parameters, promoting Islamic values and ensuring | | |recognition and a quality banking experience to our customers. | SHARIAH SUPERVISORY BOARD MEEZAN BANK The basic principle of Islamic banking follows the laws of Sharia, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transaction). The term â€Å"Islamic banking† is synonymous with â€Å"full-reserve banking† and â€Å"Sharia-compliant banking. † Members of the Shariah Supervisory Board of Meezan Bank are Internationally-renowned scholars, serving on the boards of many Islamic banks operating in different countries. The members of the  Board are: Justice (Retd. ) Muhammad Taqi Usmani ( Chairman) ? Dr. Abdul Sattar Abu Ghuddah ? Sheikh Essam M. Ishaq ? Dr. Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani (Shariah Advisor) ? The Board of Directors of Meezan Bank: H. E. Sheikh Ebrahim Bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa  (Chairman) Mr. Abdullateef A. Al-Asfour Mr. Rana Ahmed Humayun Mr. Mohammed Azzaroog Rajab Mr. Ahmed Abdul Rahim Mohamed Mr. Alaa A. Al-Sarawi Mr. Mian Muhammad Younis Mr. Mohammad Abdul Aleem Mr. Irfan Siddiqui  (President CEO) Mr. Ariful Islam  (Chief Operating Officer) MEEZAN BANK SEGMENTS Meezan Bank is managed by a team of professional bankers committed to the cause of Islamic Banking. This single unifying factor unleashes the tremendous power of a dedicated and motivated team committed to fulfilling the Vision and Mission of this Bank. The business segments of the Bank are: Consumer  Banking Corporate Banking Investment Banking Commercial Banking  (including Small and Medium Enterprises) Treasury Financial Institutions Asset Management (managed through a subsidiary Al Meezan Investment Management Ltd. ) PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF MEEZAN BANK Banks that comply with Islamic law are forbidden to charge interest or late payment fees, which is also considered a type of riba. To minimize risk, banks will often require a large down payment on goods and property, or insist upon large collateral. It is lawful for the Bank to charge a higher price for a good if payments are deferred or collected at a later date since it is considered a trade for goods rather than collecting interest. Sharia-complaint banking products include Mudharabah (profit sharing), Wadiah (safekeeping), Musharakah (joint venture), Murabahah (cost plus) and Ijarah (leasing). Another way that banks work within Islamic laws while trying to turn a profit is by buying an item that the customer wants, and then selling the item to the customer at a higher price. Products Of Meezan Bank 1) Car Ijarah [pic] 2) Housing Finance (MUSHARKAH) [pic] 3) Meezan Lap-Top (MUSSAWAMA) [pic] 4) Meezan Labbaik Ummrah [pic] CAR IJARAH (YOUR OWN CAR. QUICK, AFFORDABLE HALAL! ) An Islamic Ijarah is an asset-based contract, i. e. he Lessor should have ownership of the asset during the period of the contract. Under Islamic Shariah, all ownership related rights and liabilities should lie with the owner while all usage-related rights and liabilities should lie with the user. A conventional lease contract does not distinguish between the nature of these liabilities and places all liabilities on the user of the asset, contradictory to Islamic Shariah. Under Car Ijarah in Meezan Bank, all ownership-related risks lie with the Bank while all usage related risks lie with the user, thus making the Lessor the true owner of the asset and making the income generated through the contract permissible (Halal) for the Bank. MODES OF CAR IJARAH There are two separate entities in Car ijarah. 1) INDIVIDUAL Salaried individuals, With necasary documents and conditions can apply for Car Ijarah Facility. 2) CORPORATE SME’S Small Business Entities. SME’s are legal entities that work on small basis. Sole Propritership Partnership having less than 50 Million current assets are called SME’s. COMMERCIAL To lie in Commercial Entities, A firm must have sales of 300 millions above 50 million current assets. CORPORATE Corporate are those Entities having above 700 millions sales. Mostly the Companies registered under companies Ordinance are corporate firm. Tenure:3 to 5 years Security Deposit:0 to 50% ( 0% S. D is not for Individual Clients, because due to State Bank regulations relaxation can be given to Corprates. ) Key Features of Car Ijarah Low monthly rental. Rental paid after delivery, not in advanced. Fastest processing and delivery. Tracker option available. Minimum security deposit. All new, used, local, imported and luxury vehicles can be financed Additional Car Ijarah features are; Continuation Of Lease Rentals In Case Of Total Loss Or Theft Of Vehicle If the leased vehicle is stolen or completely destroyed, the conventional leasing company continues charging the lease rent till the settlement of the Insurance claim. Under the Islamic system, rent is consideration for usage of the leased asset, and if the asset has been stolen or destroyed, the concept of rental becomes void. As such, in the above-mentioned eventualities, Meezan bank does not charge the lease rental. Takaful Instead of Insurance Legally (in accordance to Pakistan’s Law and Regulations), it is required for all leasing entities to insure the leased assets. As such, Meezan Bank insures its leased assets. Meezan Bank insured its assets through Takaful only, which is Islamic product for insurance. The Islamic Insurance Companies in transactions with Meezan Bank are Pak Kuwait Takaful Pak Qatar Takaful. Permissibility for Penalty of Late Payment of Rent under Islamic Shariah In most contemporary financial leases, an extra monetary amount is charged, in their income, if the rent is not paid on time. This extra amount is the considered as Riba and is Haram. Under Ijarah, the Lessee may be asked to undertake, that if he fails to pay rent on its due date, he will pay certain amount to a charity, which will be administered through the Islamic Bank. For this purpose the bank maintains a charity fund. 2) Easy Home Importance of Halal home finance Owning your own home is one of lifes most important achievements. It represents your security, stability, and is a great blessing in itself. It provides that all-important safety and comfort for you and your loved ones. However, in todays often unpredictable and costly environment, saving the required money can take a lifetime in itself. Rising property prices, taxes, inflation, currency devaluation†¦ its all a very hard bargain. On the other hand, owning your own home and paying an easy installment that takes you step by step towards complete ownership, is so much better than paying a rent which ultimately only adds to your expenses. Added to that is your desire to stay away from interest based financing and be totally Riba-Free, thus  achieving that inner satisfaction and peace of mind you desire so much. Why not have the best of both worlds? Isnt that what you are working so hard for anyway First complete Islamic Home Finance facility in Pakistan! Easy Home is comprehensive, affordable, and totally hassle-free. For at Meezan Bank, people are committed to meeting customers needs, in| |a truly Shariah-compliant manner coupled with dedicated service excellence. | |Islamic Financing on a Dimin ishing Musharakah basis | |With  Easy Home  customer participate with Meezan Bank in a joint ownership of property, where the Bank will provide a certain amount of | |financing usually up to 85%. They agree to a monthly payment to the Bank of which a component is for the use of the home (rent), and | |another for equity share. In fact, the otal monthly payment is  reduced regularly as your share in the property grows. When customers have| |made the full investment that had been agreed, customer become the sole owner with a free and clear title to the property. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility | | | |Citizenship | |- Pakistani and Non Resident Pakistanis as per policy | | | |Residence Work Address | |Pakistan other countries (NRP) as per policy | | | |Age | |- Minimum age required for a Primary Customer is 25 years. |-Co-applicant must be over 21 years of age. | |- Maximum 65 years old at the time of maturity of facility for Primary Customer . | |- Maximum 70 years old at the time of facility maturity for Co-applicant. | |In case of Salaried Person Applicant and/or Co-applicant, maturity date of facility shall not exceed the date of retirement. | | | |Customer / Applicant | |- Primary (or Single) Co-applicant allowed. | |- Co-applicant must be a member of the immediate family i. e. pouse parents only | | | |Income | |Salaried | |- Minimum Gross Income of PKR 20,000 per month. | |- 100% Co-applicant income will be clubbed in case of spouse. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum Gross Salary of PKR 50,000 per month. | | |Personal Reference | |- Two personal references (one relative and other office colleague/friend) not living with the customer | | | |Employment Tenure | |Salaried | |- Permanent job with a minimum 2 years continuous work history in the same industry / field. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum 3 years in current business / industry. | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility  (For NRP Customers) | | | |Citizenship | |Pakistani | | | |Product Category | |Buyer, Builder, Renovation Replacement | | | |Builder / Renovation Cases | |In such cases, a responsible person will be appointed by the NRP customer who will look after construction on Musharakah property/land. | | |Segment | |Salaried Only | | | |Co-applicant for Income clubbing | |50 % of Net income of Parents, Spouse Son | | | |Age (Applicant Co-applicant for calculation of MBL financing amount) | |25 to 60 years | | | |Co-applicant Age (without income clubbing) |25 to 65 years | | | |Income | |Gross PKR 150,000/- above | | | |Employment Tenure | |Two years (minimum) regular experience in same industry. | |Minimum last 1-year existing job in the same country. | | | |Employment Status | |Permanent Contractual | | | |Company Eligibility | |Multinational Co. Well Established Local Corporate Groups | | | |Financing Tenor | |3 to 20 Years | | | |Financing Range | |PKR 0. 3M PKR 40M | | | FEATURES OF EASY HOME COMMENCEMENT OF AGREEMENT. The contract of Diminishing Musharaka house financing can be effected for a future date on the condition that the â€Å"profit† rate is payable after possession of the house by the client. Thus an effective forward contract is allowed despite its prohibition in Islam. It is called â€Å"a later† contract by the Islamic bank. Repayment of principal and â€Å"profit† / rent becomes due on possession of property by the client. 1- TERMINATION OF CONTRACT If the financier contravenes any term of the agreement, the client has the right to terminate the Musharaka contract unilaterally. If there is no contravention on the part of the financier, the contract cannot be terminated without mutual consent by the client. In case of the death of the client the contract will be terminated and it will be renewable by his successors. The client can terminate contract by purchasing the shares of the bank. 2- RISK OF LOSS In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the financier as a Shirkat-ul-Milk participates in â€Å"profit† not in loss, the client will participate in both â€Å"profit† and loss, and the client will bear all losses. 3- OWNERSHIP PROVISION In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the bank and the client co-own the house according to a predetermined ratio, if the bank invests 80% and the client invests 20%, the bank will own 80% of the property. 4- SALE TRANSFER The bank makes an agreement to allow the client to buy the units periodically, thus reducing the share of the bank and increasing the share of the client. This arrangement allows the bank to claim â€Å"rent† according to its proportion of ownership in the property and at the same time allows a periodical return of a part of the principal through purchase of the units of the bank’s share of the house by the client. 5- EXPENSE CONSEQUENT TO OWNERSHIP In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the client pays all expenses consequent to ownership, the bank participates in â€Å"profit† not in expenses or losses. 6- SECURITY Meezan Bank and AlBaraka require mortgage deeds. They prefer simple and registered mortgages. 7- LIABILITY OF BANK In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is liable for complying with the terms of the agreements. These include payments according to pre-determined schedules and sale of its share to the client. At the time of agreement the bank must disclose all facts pertinent to the agreement before the agreement is enacted 9- RIGHTS OF BANK’S CLIENT Diminishing Musharaka house financing. In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the following are the rights and the powers of partners. 10-PENALTY ON LATE PAYMENT In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is entitled to charge penalty on late payments. Standard Chartered (Islamic bank), Meezan and Alabaraka charge penalty after 45 days. If the client makes late payments, the bank will continuously charge penalty. ?Easy Home offers customers a comprehensive solution with: Easy Buyer Easy Builder Easy Renovate Easy Replacement Within these wonderful options come the special benefits of Easy Home. Flexible Financing Tailored to Support customers. High financing amounts. Maximum financing against property value. Flexibility to make partial prepayments. Minimal processing charges. Very affordable and competitive monthly payment plan with a regularly reducing  rental amount. Quick Processing Time Absolutely hassle-free. Quick turn-around-times, with no burdensome complexities or exces s paper work. It’s simple, halal, and easy! Come and take the step towards Riba free financing for your home, made easy with Meezan Banks Easy Home! Easy Buyer Buying a Home is Easy Halal!. Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burden Ratio) Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding construction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. ( in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Builder Building a Home is Easy Halal! For that special home you want to build yourself, or to help continue construction you may have already started. Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burden Ratio) Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding constr uction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Renovate Renovating your Home is Easy Halal! Making your home even better or just repairing it, do it with Meezan Banks Easy Renovate! Meezan bank finances maximum 30% of the Property Value in case of Renovation. Easy Replace Replacing  your existing mortgage to Islamic mode is Easy Halal Ready for transaction if it is replaced from Islamic Bank. It will Take period of 12 Months in case of replacement from Conventional Banks. RENTAL AMOUNT Rent Amount Is calculated with taking three figures. 1) UNIT COST (Dividing financing Amount with Total units/ months) 2) KIBOR ( Karachi Inter Bank Office Rate)Currently 14. 9 3) PROFIT RATE 3 for Salaried. 4 for Businessmen. 2 for listed Companies in Banks profile. RENTAL= UNIT COST+ KIBOR + PROFIT RATE Modes of payment UMI EMI STEP UP MEEZAN LAPTOP Meezan Bank launches Laptop Ease offer in April 2011. It is a Shariah-co mpliant laptop financing, for individuals and for corporate class of  pakistan. By choosing this facility, customers can grab at their laptop sets by a process of easy installments.. Special features of Meezan Laptop Ease: Easy Installment options for financing period for 3 to 24 months. 2 years warranty with parts provided by vendor. Free Caring Case will be provided by vendor. Dedicated Call Center by New Horizon (vendor) for addressing after sale issues and providing after sales support to the customers at their door step Absolutely Free Takaful Coverage. All laptops acquired through Meezan Laptop Ease will be covered by Takaful (Islamic Insurance) before delivery to the customers. Minimum down payment up to 15% Laptop model offerings will vary from time to time in consistence with the latest upgraded features and market demand. Minimum age to avail this offer for both individuals and businessmen should be 20 years and maximum age should not cross over 60 and 65 years, respectively. Laptops are available at easy monthly installments of as low as Rs 2,750/- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ( BUSINEESMEN SELF EMPLOYED) |   | |Citizenship |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | |   |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20,   Maximum 65   at maturity | |   |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 40,000/- | |   | | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |   | |Employment Business  Tenure |Minimum 2 years in same business | |   |(Business tenure to be verified via Bank Certificate, NTN | | |Certificate, Tax returns, Proprietorship letter, Registered | | |Partnership deed etc) | | |   | SALARIED Citizenship |   | |   |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | | |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20, Maximum 60 (Salaried) at maturity | |   |(Applicant maturity date of facility shall not exceed the da te of| | |retirement. ) | |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 25,000/- (Gross Salary) | |   |   | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |Permanent job with minimum 1 year continuous working history in | |Employment Business  Tenure |same industry. | |   |Direct company contract valid till maturity date of financing | | |(Total 1 year previous working experience is mandatory). | MEEZAN LABBAIK UMRAH Labbaik Travel Saving Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan is a completely Halal Riba Free Travel Solution. | | |Key Features | |Completely Halal Shari’ah Approved. |Renowned Travel Agent’s on Meezan Banks panel | |Umrah  Packages for different durations facilities are available | |Complete Visa Processing and Umrah Package Arrangements by selected agent. | |Confirmed return airline tickets | Labbaik Saving Aa saan Account On agreeing to become a Labbaik Saving Aasaan Account holder, you will enter into the relationship of Mudarabah with the Bank. Under this relationship, you will be the Investor (or Rab-ul- Maal) and the Bank will be the Manager (or Mudarib) of the funds deposited by you in the Deposit pool. These funds will be utilized by the Bank to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes of financing, including but not limited to Murabaha, Ijarah, Istisna and Diminishing Musharakah. Meezan  Labbaik Saving Account can be opened by Individuals, Sole-Proprietorships, Partnerships and Limited Companies. Key Features Meezan Labbaik Savings Aasaan provides a number of features including: Available for individuals, where customers can open a single / joint account with family members Labbaik Saving Plan is available for six (06) months to twenty (20) years Labbaik Saving Account is a Pak Rupee account It will be a Recurring Deposit Account, where customers will deposit monthly contribution as per the deposit schedule plan Labbaik Saving Account is a non-chequing account, where no cheque book or VISA Debit Card will be issued Apart from regular monthly deposit contribution customers can deposit additional amounts in order to complete the deposit amount and make the make the desired journey earlier than initially scheduled After completion of the desired deposit amount, customers will have a right to travel with Meezan Bank or redeem his funds to go with an alternate company or utilize the funds for alternate purposes No pre-mature withdrawal schedule will be applied Customers may redeem 50% of the contribution as per defined procedure, one-time in the entire deposit tenure. Functional Departments Of Meezan Bank Sales Credit Inniation (CIU) Risk Management (RMU) Credit Administration (CAD) Collection Recovery 1-SALES Sales is the most important and fundamental function of Revenue generation. They approach the customers through, ? Direct Sales ? Dealers reference ? Branch Customers ? Branch Coordinators ? Telemarketing Functions Of Sales Department Create marketing strategies to achieve sales targets of a bank. Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. Initiate customer retention strategies and build new customers Lead, direct and mentor sales and marketing teams to achieve hundred percent outcome. Initiate campaign strategies for bank products and services Resolve customer needs. Understand customer financial needs and objectives. Recommend appropriate financial product or service to the customer. Assist and support bank management in delivering cust omer services Prepare sales and marketing statements and reports for the top management of the bank. 2-CREDIT INNIATION UNIT It is obvious that  every bank must have an independent department that deals with the credit function. Department in a bank that evaluates the financial condition of credit applicants and maintains a log of loan payments on currently outstanding loans. Credit information is gathered on a confidential basis and stored for future reference. The credit department also responds to requests by other lenders for credit information on a particular borrower CIU makes the case, Reveiw the case, Assess the potentials of the client to repay the assets value, check the opinions and worth of the compamy. 3-RISK MANAGEMENT UNIT MEEZAN BANK’S risk management policy rests on its sound and Islamic bank management culture and complies largely with international Islamic Banking standards, management requirements, corporate governance principles and carries with it the highest ethical values from within the banking profession. The Organizational Structure of the Risk Management Group. The bank has set in place an independent risk management function within The Risk Management department, covering all risks: market, credit and operational risk. The Head of Risk Management reports to the Audit Committee, whose members are chosen among the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors formally approves overall risk management strategies and the direction of business. The Board regularly monitors the banks financial performance, reviews and controls risk management activities and bears the final responsibility of approving the banks risk appetite. Risk Management Department is the center of performing this function. This department reports to the Bank’s Risk Committee, The Head of Risk Management Group. 4-CREDIT ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT Leads centralized credit administration and control department whose function is to provide a uniform and efficient credit administration and control service encompassing completion of security/transaction documentation formalities, safe custody function, MIS development for monitoring of banks exposure from different risk angles to ensure that a high level of credit administration support is provided to the bank’s business units to protect banks risk assets. ? Reveiw the case ? Makes observation ? Disburse The Case ? Generate Installements ? Prepare Legal doucuments Agreements Principal Duties Responsibilities: ? Manage the Documentation and Limits Control Units Prepare accurate documentation of credit facilities to ensure that the same is legally enforceable without lacunas. ? Review security/transaction documents with a view to make it convenient for customers without compromising banks interest. ? Manage effective and efficient safe custody of original security/transacti on documentation and title deeds etc belonging to clients/third parties. ? To ensure that safe custody procedures are meticulously implemented. ? Ensure credit documentation deferrals are effectively followed up with Business Units for perfection within the time allowed. ? Arrange the valuations, from bank’s approved evaluators, of real estates held as collateral in line with Credit Risk Policy. Maintain marked to the market valuation for shares, mutual funds and other marketable securities and advise to business units where and violation of Approval of Finance / Credit Risk Policy occurred. ? To follow up with Business Units for early execution of documentation by clients. ? Immediate and accurate feeding of limits into the system once security documentation is completed by the client. ? Ensure least Turn Around Time (TAT) in line with SLAs with business units. ? Generate / Maintain MIS to monitor the portfolio and to prompt Business Units for timely completion of annual rev iews by providing necessary reports regarding expiring/expired facilities. ? Prepare weekly/monthly Exceptions Report   and circulate daily Overdrawn / Excess Over Limits report to the senior management and business units. Upload the accurate data as per the requirements of regulator. ? Managing and guiding team to execute above responsibility and help in their professional development. ? Managing specific tasks / projects assigned by the CRO from time to time in relation to Credit Administration Control. 5-COLLECTION RECOVERY DEPARTMENT (To Save The Bank’s Assets) The Recovery Collection function is an important component of any Bank’s business operations. The key is knowing when and how to accomplish the sale safely. The key is to  find the best way to minimize the risk of late payment or non-payment by customers. The core activities of the collection department include: Accelerating cash flow Minimizing bad debt losses Reviewing and approving new accounts Developing and updating  credit and collection policies Managing the collection function Maintaining current information in the credit file on each active customer Researching and resolving disputes and deductions that would otherwise delay or prevent payment of accounts receivable Communicating with other departments within the Bank. Safeguarding the companys investment in accounts receivable BUCKETS SMS ALERTS FRONTEND MID RANGE HAND COURT NON PERFORMING LOAN SMS ELERTS Before due date Sms are sent to the customers. FRONTEND One day past, the payment become Overdue. Frontend is the period from 1 to 29 days. An INTIMATION LETTER is sent to the customer by the bank as a soft reminder and Calls are made. MID RANGE / HARD COURT When overdues are not cleared by the customer within 29 days, Customer entered into 30+ DPD ( Day Past Due) Mid range is the period of 30 days to 59 days. REMINDER LETTER is sent to Customer. Home Visits are made. Tone is changed from soft reminders to aggressive one. NON PERFOMING LOAN 60+ DPD, 60 to 89 days of due payments are called Non Performing Loans. LEGAL NOTICE sent the customer with the time frame of 15 days to settle the payments. After that time limit, bank have the right to Repossess the vehicle. In case of reposession, Bank take the services of Agencies as 3rd party, after reposession Vchile is parked to the warehouse and FINAL LETTER is sent by bank to the customer. In which Total Amount including total purchase price, Over due Rentals, Surcharge amount, Valuation, legal, Parking and deduction of Security Deposit is mentioned. Where customer is offered to settle the account. But if customer fails to settle his account then Banks has options to sell or Auction the vehicle. A file is maintianed, called Repo File. It consists of Reminder Letter Copy Of Legal Notice Lease Agreement Copy Complete Exise File Copy Of Customer’s CNIC Application Form Coppy RECOVERY After 90 days customer entered into 90+ DPD. And Non preforming Loan shifted to Recovery.

Supervision And Skills In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays

Supervision And Skills In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays Supervision And Skills In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Supervision And Skills In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay This study gives a elaborate analysis of the instance survey The Courthouse Hotel and besides answers the chief inquiries of staffing issues for the hotel in the approaching months along with the schemes which will assist to work out the jobs. Besides it describes the staff s reaction when the hotel is being upgraded to a four star and besides when the German delegates will be remaining in the hotel and utilizing its services followed by the stairss which will be taken by the supervisor take to minimise the impact of reaction to the proposed alterations in the hotel. The hotel is a three star located in the metropolis Centre. It has 150 suites with a Carver manner eating house and a little map room. Among the entire staff, 95 % work for full clip lasting contract and the staying 5 % are portion clip members. Majority of the invitees stay merely during the weeknights so the staff works merely for one weekend out of every four weekends. It besides faces competition signifier good known national and international hotels. Harmonizing to the instance a celebrated concern adult male took over the hotel before three months. He found that many other hotels are developing up including the convention Centre which is coming up really near by hotel so he thought to convey up the class of the hotel to a four star. For that he added on assorted services which include the big feasting installation, an a La menu eating house, a porter service and besides the room service. So if the needed criterions of a four star hotel and those of a competition are achieved he expects the concern to travel up by 60 % . Following summer the Courthouse has large challenge as inter governmental conference is to be held in the metropolis and for that the German delegates which includes the Chancellor of the Exchequer, politicians, advisers, civil retainers and other journalists are coming and non merely remaining in the hotel but besides have assorted imperativeness conferences and it is their concern to maintain them happy and non merely to give them what they expect but besides exceed their outlooks by giving exceeding service. This is merely possible if the interpersonal accomplishments are improved, the staff is trained and client service criterions are adhered to. 2. Staffing issues and schemes Staffing is the major portion of the direction map and plays an of import function in planing the operation of the organisation. Without staff the organisation can non be. So it is necessary that all the issues related to the staffs are solved and guaranting that staff are happy with the organisation. Because it is said that If you [ the director ] return attention of the employees, the employees will take attention of the invitees, and the net incomes will take attention of themselves ( Anon, cited in Miller 2006, p17 ) . So the issues followed by its schemes are described below. 2.1 Issues Lack of interpersonal accomplishments: The Courthouse hotels staff deficiency in interpersonal accomplishments. It is the basic accomplishment which is expected from an hotelkeeper. The word is self explanatory which means that the staff should be able to understand others what he/she want to convey and on the other manus he/she should be able to convey the message in such a manner that the intent is understood. This is missing among the staff and it needs to be improved. It is a serious issue because if the staffs convey the incorrect message so straight or indirectly it will surely impact the invitee and therefore the gross of the hotel will besides be affected. Lack of proper Shift timings: The displacement timings presently followed in the hotel is 6.30-3.30 and 3.00-11.00. This timing is non executable because of the high criterions of the hotel and besides when the German Chancellor and his squad arrive in the hotel they will hold to execute work more expeditiously and exactly and besides at a great gait which involves batch of difficult work. So the hotel should hold the timings in such a manner that all staff is every bit distributed in all the displacements. The timings can be from 0600-1600, 1500-23.00, 0900-1800 and 2200-0700. Ratio of lasting staff and portion clip staff: Presently there is 95 % of the lasting staff and merely 5 % are under portion clip. But with the current state of affairs where the criterions are high and besides the reaching of German Chancellors staffing is a major job in the hotel. Unless and until the staffing is changed and there is a equal distribution of permanent every bit good as portion clip staff the hotel will non be able to run swimmingly. If we appoint more of portion clip staff members than the full clip staff so the staff cost will be reduced and besides acquire the work done. This will besides cut down political relations among the staff which is a major concern these yearss. Staffs merely work for hebdomad darks: It is said that the staff merely work for hebdomad yearss and every one hebdomad terminal out of four. But in a four star hotel where service affairs, staff demand to work for 24/7 with equal distribution of displacements. So it is besides a major concern for the hotel because for an efficient room service staff needs to work more and every twenty-four hours. Rather than working merely for one hebdomad terminal, staff should be given off for at least one twenty-four hours per hebdomad and work for all the hebdomad ends. Competition Because of many developments in the hotel in the close by countries, the competition has increased to a great extent. All hotels have the same eating houses, suites and installations what affairs is the type of service offered. 2.2 Schemes Enrolling the prospective staff: The really first measure for the hotel is to hold a good homo resource squad who will enroll the possible staff who has the needed quality of an hotelkeeper and is willing to function the invitees. The human resource squad should measure each and every campaigner via personal interview and prove his capablenesss and cognition. Here enrolling the experient staff will be of great aid. Developing the interpersonal accomplishments of the staff: The staff should be able to pass on clearly and exactly with his couples and besides with the invitees. It is because an person can non run the hotel or a eating house own his ain. Team work is a must for the staff. For illustration if a steward does nt convey the right thing to the chef the chef would non understand and finally the invitee will be unsated and angry and consequence in ailments. If the staffs have good interpersonal accomplishments so they besides will be able to function the invitee every bit rapidly as possible which will cut down the bringing clip and aid in good clip direction. If the house maintaining staff do nt convey about the room clearance the forepart office will non be able to sell room to the invitees which will impact the gross of the hotel. So a good interpersonal accomplishment is a must in each and every administration. Motivating the staff: Motivation can be defined as the art of acquiring people to make what you want them to make because they want to make it ( US President Dwight Eisenhower, cited in quotations.about.com ) . In other words motive is the interior power or energy to make a undertaking with full enthusiasm. Motivation can be applied to each and every thing whether it is little or large it does nt count. It is the most of import key to success ( sasson2008 ) . So in the approaching months the staffs of Courthouse Hotel needs to be motivated. For that each and every staff needs to hold a end. The direction should give inducements or honor the staff for giving a good public presentation. Besides organizing certain Tourss and games will besides maintain the staff motivated. Supplying appropriate preparation: The staff should be trained harmonizing to the criterions of the hotel because the hotel is being upgraded to a four star it will hold a new set of processs and criterions which need to be followed purely. The proficient cognition should besides be given to the staff because unless the staffs have a good cognition they will non be able to work confidently in forepart of the invitees. So a good proficient cognition along with cognition related to the basic criterions of client service will assist to function the invitees more confidently and exactly. Follow set service criterions and processs: As the hotel is upgraded to a four star and besides it has German Delegates and Chancellors remaining in the hotel, so the hotel has to develop new service criterions and processs which is necessary for all the staff non merely to cognize but besides follow. If found non found following the regulations the staff should be penalised. 3. Staff reaction to the proposed alterations and supervisors actions It is said that alteration is the jurisprudence of nature. So change harmonizing to the demand has to be at that place. As the universe is altering fast and the administrations should besides alter and follow the new alterations harmonizing to the demand. The administrations who can follow the alteration solves the job of the staff and keeps them motivated survives and excels while the other has to fight difficult to last. So staff may respond in many ways to these proposed alterations which needs to be evaluated and solved to understate it every bit much as it can be with the aid of supervisors. 3.1 Staff reaction The staff may respond in a figure of ways to these alterations of hotel up step and reaching of Germans. Staff might go forth the hotel: Due to the up step of the hotel staff might decline to work. It is so because they are accustomed to that type of environment and do nt desire to alter. It is besides possible that they do nt desire to work excess and pass more clip in the hotel because with this alteration staff will be holding a batch of load. Staff might travel on work stoppage: With this sudden alteration in the hotel the staff might oppose these alterations and they might organize a brotherhood and travel on work stoppage. It is so because they do nt wish to alter or do nt believe the new concern adult male who has taken over the hotel. This will give a negative promotion to the hotel and will convey down the hotels position really severely. Might work half heartedly: Even though the staff might work after the alterations has been made but would non work the same manner as they were working antecedently. They would non respond in the same enthusiastically as they were antecedently. They would non follow the new regulations which will be developed for the improvement of the service and hotel and besides go irregular. This will straight impact the hotels concern negatively. Might develop a negative attitude: Staff besides would non follow the supervisors order and consequence in struggles and grudges and accordingly affect the staffs inter relation which will impact the service criterions. They might besides develop an attitude of being non loyal to the company. It is besides possible that the staff might be really positive to these reactions: Apart from these negative reactions it is possible that the staff might respond really positively and take it as a great challenge. It will besides assist in positive promotion of the hotel. 3.2 Supervisors actions to understate the impact of reactions A supervisor is any individual who manages people who make merchandises and/or perform services ( Miller et al, 2006, p5 ) . So supervisors public presentation depends on his staffs public presentation. So if he is able to pull off them decently and efficaciously he will success in his work. It is the work of supervisor to pull off resources, procedure, information and people. A supervisor should hold a good proficient cognition, communicate decently, handle struggle, supply support and offer congratulations. He should besides be able to work out jobs, make determinations and manage clip efficaciously. The supervisor should convey them all together and work in a group together. It has to be a squad work because cipher can work entirely. He should convert all the staff to work united. He should put himself as an illustration to his squad. He should take by giving those illustrations where he has truly excelled in any work and has given an extraordinary end product. This will animate them besides to make the same for the company and besides for themselves. Make a positive work environment. The environment sets it all. They should actuate them all and should continuously honor the staff for their good work. He should be able to make the flow of work which will do them busy in such a manner that they do nt experience bored. Motivate the staff. Supervisor should continuously honor the staff for their good work and should besides throw an unfastened party to the staff for an exceeding twenty-four hours. Obtain the necessary resources, and pull off them suitably. He should garner all the resources and set together to work by pull offing them decently. Treat all squad members reasonably and every bit without any favoritism of sex. ( Wagen etal.2003p15-21 ) 4. Decision The hotel Courthouse is being up graded and besides it has German delegates and Chancellor of the Exchequers coming and remaining in the hotel. So in the months to come it is traveling to confront many jobs. So in order to get the better of those jobs it has to hold a scheme and solutions which will assist them to over semen and assist them to maintain up their criterions. One of the biggest jobs is the deficiency of interpersonal accomplishments which can be developed via appropriate preparation by bettering the communicating accomplishments, developing the squad work and supplying the appropriate cognition. The staff timings and displacements besides need changed and an appropriate measure demands to be taken which will split the staff every bit in all the displacements without any favoritism and jobs. The chief scheme to get the better of the job is to enroll merely the budding staffs that are capable of making and giving their best what is expected. For that the campaigners need to be personally interviewed and tested on their cognition and managing state of affairss. In this instance of hotel up step experient staff can assist a batch in actuating staff and acquiring the best out of the employees. Due to the major alterations in the hotel staff may respond in a figure of ways. Some may wish it and take it really sportingly and lend in the improvement of the administration. Where as some may oppose it and can travel on work stoppage, might work half heartedly or might go forth the occupation in the fright of excess load and work and besides some do nt wish to alter and prefer to work as they are. In order to cut down the staff jobs and their negative reactions the supervisor has to take effectual reactions which will assist the constitution in the improvement of them.

Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance Man

Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance Man Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany. He was the epitome of the term Renaissance man during the High Italian Renaissance. Any subject- and there were many- toward which he directed his insatiable curiosity, artistic talent, and keen scientific mind found itself dissected, improved upon and cataloged for posterity. Leonardo, truly, was a man before his time. Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to stern resolve. He who is fixed to a star does not change his mind.- Leonardo da Vinci Early Life Though illegitimate, Leonardo was taken in and raised by his father. A child of unearthly beauty, Leonardo showed precocious genius in math, music, and art. His greatest desire was to be apprenticed to a painter, a profession which was looked down upon at the time. Eventually, his father was worn down by the boys undeniable talent and took him to Florence to study painting, sculpting, and engineering under the great Andrea del Verrocchio. Leonardo quickly outstripped his master (though he continued to study with Verrocchio until around 1476) and was admitted to the Florence painters guild in 1472. Body of Work Leonardo spent about twenty years in the service of Lodovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan (who frequently neglected to pay Leonardo). His output during this period included two of his best-known paintings: The Madonna of the Rocks (1483-85) and the mural The Last Supper (1495-98). When Milan was seized by French troops in 1499, Leonardo returned to Florence. It was here that he painted one of the most famous portraits of all time, The Mona Lisa, more correctly known as La Gioconda (1503-06). Leonardo spent his later years moving between Florence, Rome, and France, working on a variety of projects. He lived long enough to be appreciated and well-paid, a rarity among artists. Throughout it all, he kept prodigious notebooks, in mirror writing, to keep track of his ideas, designs, and numerous sketches. Leonardo eventually settled in France, at the invitation of Francis I, an ardent admirer. He died on May 2, 1519, in the castle of Cloux, near Amboise, France.

Answer All Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Answer All Questions - Essay Example 150). In a scatter plot diagram, the more two variables are highly correlated; the data points would cluster closer around an imaginary line. For perfect correlation, the data points fall on the straight line. b. A very strong correlation: The degree of relationship between two variables is measured by the correlation coefficient. The stronger the relationship between the variables, the closer the coefficient would move to either +1.00 or -1.00. When the measure of correlation moves closer to either of these two values, it is said that a very strong correlation exists between the two variables. c. Null correlation: Two variables are aid to have null correlation is there is no correlation between them. This happens in case of comparing two variables that are not at all related to one another. The correlation coefficient is 0.90 approximately. The variables under consideration are sales and advertisement. The value of correlation is 0.90 which implies that there exists a strong positive correlation between the variables. The result shows that the advertising made by the company has a positive effect on its sales. The sales are boosted owing to the advertisement. iii) a. The regression model is a multiple regression model and has four independent variables. The dependent variable is the number of copies sold. The only significant value obtained is between the number of pages and the number of copies sold, which is 0.13

Association of corticosteroid dose and route of administration with Article

Association of corticosteroid dose and route of administration with risk of treatment failure in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Article Example bation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema or failure of the respiratory system along with either COPD or emphysema. Two groups were formulated which included patients who were treated on low doses of corticosteroids which were administered orally as well as patients who were treated with high doses of corticosteroids which was given intravenously. After the high dose intravenous route, the number of deaths were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-1.5%) and the patients who responded with primary outcomes were 10.9% (95% CI, 10.7%-11.1%) According to the multivariable regression model, the risk of the patient not responding to treatment via the oral route was less than that via the intravenous route that is (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.02). This model was to analyze the effect of the route chosen for the corticosteroids with the primary and secondary outcomes of the patient. High dose intravenous therapy does not provide any major benefits which are superior to the results of treatment with low dose corticosteroids administered orally. Rather the intravenous therapy is associated with pain and carries a risk of infection and higher costs in comparison to the oral low dose corticosteroid therapy. The research does provide strong support about the authors conclusion that low dose orally administered corticosteroids hold the same if not superior results for patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. This research should be sufficient to reduce the health care costs imposed by COPD because it is one of the leading problems in the United States. Low doses of corticosteroids orally would result in lower adverse effects along with reduced cost and hospital stay. Hence the results of this research should be effectively utilized. About 92 percent of the patients were given intravenous therapy whereas

Instructional Design Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instructional Design Model - Essay Example In this model a systems view of instruction is considered so that one segment is interconnected with a series of outside segments in a variety of ways; as indicated this is significantly different from the ADDIE instructional design approach which more restrictedly approaches design from a single segment to the next in a direct and progressive way. This essay considers the varying aspects of the Dick and Carey model, specifically considering stage 1 through stage 3 through an illustrative example within the context of a twelfth grade Honors English class. In terms of the Dick and Carey model, the interrelation of the varying concepts of context, content, learning and instruction, are considered (Leshin, Pollock, Reigeluth 1992). Dick and Carey themselves indicate that, â€Å"Components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and learning and performance environments interact with each other and work together to bring about the desired student learning outcomes† (Carey and Dick, pg. 6). Within this paradigm, there exist nine separate stages that designers must attend to in adhering to the constraints proscribed by Dick and Carey. These stages include 1) Instructional Goals; 2) Instructional Analysis; 3) Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics; 4) Performance Objectives; 5) Criterion-Referenced Test Items; 6) Instructional Strategy; 7) Instructional Materials; 8) Formative Evaluation; 9) Summative Evaluation (Leshin, Pollock, Reigeluth 1992). The first stage of the Dick and Carey model identifies the instructional goals of the design project. In this stage the identification of the instructional goal considers the relation between the learner’s current knowledge base and the intended instructional goals (Lee). In these regards, the Dick and Carey model in great part mirrors the ADDIE instructional design model. In terms of the working example of the twelfth

Google vs. Yahoo Web Browsers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google vs. Yahoo Web Browsers - Essay Example Both these web browsers have an enormous portfolio for their users. Lets compare some of the services offered by both these web giants. (Luke, 2005)Yahoo groups are are more popular when compared to google groups mainly because yahoo has been in the market for a longer time. The groups are easily formed and mails are sent either as a digest or individually.Google revolutionized the mailing procedures by introducing huge inbox size which is now upto more that 6 GBs. Yahoo offers a lower limit however news is circulating that an unlimited inbox size for the users is in the works.As mentioned above, Google's point of differentiation is the complex algorithims used in their search engines for local searches, image searches and web searches. Yahoo doesn't have that much fire-power yet it still is a popular choice for some.Yahoo provides street maps and driving directions for US cities only. The Google maps are extremely diverse as they are capable of providing business locations, contact information, and driving directions for big cities of the world.Google's social networking site, Orkut is a popular choice for many Asians and users in Southern America. This popularity has been recently crushed by the vastness of Facebook which has conquered most of the continents. Yahoo's 360* was never popular and it still hasn't caught on as Orkut had. Others There is a list of other services such as online shopping, news, alerts, answers etc. that are available with both Google and Yahoo and not much differences are there in these services. Interface, Design, and Layout When comparing two important website browsers, it is important to compare their interface, design and layout from the evaluation point of view as well as user friendliness point of view. A good website must contain useful content that is simple to comprehend, flexible for use of multiple technologies and consistent with easy navigating capability. (Collins, 2006) Google has a very neat and simple user interface with the front page only containing the search bar and links on the top. On the other hand Yahoo!'s page is jumbled with information, links and lacks focus. Users generally like simple and easy to understand sites and Google's simplified interface means that people of any age and skill will be able to access their site. Advertisements Advertising is necessary for websites especially for websites like Google and Yahoo! that offer free services to their users. This is their main source of revenue. When the website opens up, Google presents only the services without any advertisements. Yahoo lines up its advertisements on the front page which is a nuisance value for the users. As such, it is important to avoid advertisements as much as possible. Advertisements are extremely unpopular with the users as they are completely useless for most people. Even though both Google and Yahoo! are text-based sites, Yahoo's advertisements are a source of user irritation. Consistency Another characteristic of a good web browser website is the consistency in the design. As mentioned above, there are a lot of similar services offered by both Yahoo! and Google. However the design of the services is remarkably different. Like the front page, Google is consistent with the minimum text on the page with just enough to help the user understand and comprehend it. This has the effect of uniformity and consistency, whereas Yahoo! keeps different layouts for each of its services page. Even though each service has a link

Security Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security - Case Study Example As technology grows, it has become much easier to work. You can store a lot of information and retrieve it very fast at the touch of a button. Well, this has brought to end the carrying of books and pens to meetings. This trend has also been picked up by hotels. They are introduced touch pad registers to manage their work efficiently and easily. A fast food franchise introduced touch pad registers. They issued each register with a password and a user ID to log into the system. It allowed them to input their passwords four times before the system locked. With time the system became harder to operate. The touch pads became greasy and some of the of the workers forgot the passwords. The system was a good idea, but it had several flaws in its design. The fact that this system needed a password and a user ID to log in, it became a problem when the workers forgot their passwords. When a worker entered the password there times unsuccessfully the system locked itself and needed the managers card to reboot the system. In cases where the manager is not present it would be impossible for the workers to use the system. It took some time for the system to reboot. This lost time could translate to looses. If a worker for the password and asked another worker to log in so that they could use the system, it will take it hard for the employers to track the activities in the fast food franchise. This was the main aim of introducing the touch pad register. The issue with the workers forgetting passwords was because of the keyboard layout. The managers complained about the time that it took to reboot the system. If the shift of a worker ended and they did not log out the system, it needed the manager to reboot the system that took a long time to do. The accumulation of grease on the touch pad made it harder for the workers to input their details. This is because the touch pad did not have any protection against the grease. With all these

Google vs. Yahoo Web Browsers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google vs. Yahoo Web Browsers - Essay Example Both these web browsers have an enormous portfolio for their users. Lets compare some of the services offered by both these web giants. (Luke, 2005)Yahoo groups are are more popular when compared to google groups mainly because yahoo has been in the market for a longer time. The groups are easily formed and mails are sent either as a digest or individually.Google revolutionized the mailing procedures by introducing huge inbox size which is now upto more that 6 GBs. Yahoo offers a lower limit however news is circulating that an unlimited inbox size for the users is in the works.As mentioned above, Google's point of differentiation is the complex algorithims used in their search engines for local searches, image searches and web searches. Yahoo doesn't have that much fire-power yet it still is a popular choice for some.Yahoo provides street maps and driving directions for US cities only. The Google maps are extremely diverse as they are capable of providing business locations, contact information, and driving directions for big cities of the world.Google's social networking site, Orkut is a popular choice for many Asians and users in Southern America. This popularity has been recently crushed by the vastness of Facebook which has conquered most of the continents. Yahoo's 360* was never popular and it still hasn't caught on as Orkut had. Others There is a list of other services such as online shopping, news, alerts, answers etc. that are available with both Google and Yahoo and not much differences are there in these services. Interface, Design, and Layout When comparing two important website browsers, it is important to compare their interface, design and layout from the evaluation point of view as well as user friendliness point of view. A good website must contain useful content that is simple to comprehend, flexible for use of multiple technologies and consistent with easy navigating capability. (Collins, 2006) Google has a very neat and simple user interface with the front page only containing the search bar and links on the top. On the other hand Yahoo!'s page is jumbled with information, links and lacks focus. Users generally like simple and easy to understand sites and Google's simplified interface means that people of any age and skill will be able to access their site. Advertisements Advertising is necessary for websites especially for websites like Google and Yahoo! that offer free services to their users. This is their main source of revenue. When the website opens up, Google presents only the services without any advertisements. Yahoo lines up its advertisements on the front page which is a nuisance value for the users. As such, it is important to avoid advertisements as much as possible. Advertisements are extremely unpopular with the users as they are completely useless for most people. Even though both Google and Yahoo! are text-based sites, Yahoo's advertisements are a source of user irritation. Consistency Another characteristic of a good web browser website is the consistency in the design. As mentioned above, there are a lot of similar services offered by both Yahoo! and Google. However the design of the services is remarkably different. Like the front page, Google is consistent with the minimum text on the page with just enough to help the user understand and comprehend it. This has the effect of uniformity and consistency, whereas Yahoo! keeps different layouts for each of its services page. Even though each service has a link

Explain how the introduction of a minimum wage may affect the level of Essay

Explain how the introduction of a minimum wage may affect the level of employment in theory. Examine and critically assess the e - Essay Example When the government enforces the laws of minimum wages, then the market forces are disturbed and equilibrium ceases to exist creating a gap between the demand and supply, which is of labor in this case. The disequilibrium in theory results in a rise in the supply of labor but the demand reduces as the labor is now more costly. However, the magnitude by which this disequilibrium is caused depends upon the circumstances prevailing in each economy and varies from country to country which we will see later. The diagram to the right shows the labor market curve. When the market forces were independent and not disturbed, the market was in equilibrium that is the supply and demand curve intersected at a point which is known as the equilibrium point represented as L0 with the quantity of labor and W0 as the equilibrium wage rate. However, the market forces were disturbed and the minimum wage rate was introduced with the representation of Wmin. This created disequilibrium in the economy and t he supply and demand curves no longer intersect at the equilibrium point. There now is a gap between the demand and supply of labor which is equivalent to L2-L1 and this is the excess labor which is not required. Since the employment has gone down from L0 to L1, this shows that the implementation of a minimum wage policy results in a decline in unemployment in an economy. Several economists and business owner, small businesses in particular, have voiced their concerns that minimum wages will result in a rise in unemployment. The worst aspect of this rise in unemployment is the fact that the people who will be most affected are the poor people who are not too educated. When the minimum wage policy will be implemented, the costs of hiring on part of the employers will rise and they will be forced to wither cut the current staff or freeze their hiring programs. They think that the poor and uneducated people will be most affected since the policy is affecting only them. The educated or wealthy people are already employed on jobs at higher management levels and their current wages or salaries are nowhere near the minimum wages. It is the lower level staff whose wages are affected and hence the employers will be forced to take action against these employees. However, a liberal think tank with the name of Economic Policy Institute have conducted a research and it has suggested that there is little evidence to suggest that there is more or less no difference in the employment levels between states in America in some industries even though there is a difference in the minimum wage rates among the states. This suggests that the impact of an introduction of minimum wage policy is dependent upon other factors as well that is industry to industry in this case. This suggests that a minimum wage policy may not have such a significant impact as economists have previously suggested. As a matter of fact, it may even increase employment in some cases because the workers were act ually being paid less than the worth of revenue and profits that they were contributing to the firm economically. The findings have gone as far as suggesting that rather than creating disequilibrium in the market as a result of minimum wages, it may even help the market to come nearer to the equilibrium level by forcing the employers to pay a fairer wage to the employees. Furthermore, the employers always have the choice of reducing the supervision, training, and recruitment costs in order to balance

Children Penalties Essay Example for Free

Children Penalties Essay All through America it seems that juvenile children are committing extremely severe crimes. Fellow classmates and teachers are being murdered by juveniles as young as eleven and thirteen. As a result of this, a major issue has been raised, should children who commit a serious crime face the penalties as and adult? Do these kids know what they are doing? And more importantly do they know the consequences of their actions. The points that Im going to be outlining are children dont know/ know the consequences of their actions, harsh punishment has little effect, youths are more mature so they know the consequences of their actions, the notion of justice, children may not have been given adequate role modals, youths should be given harsh punishments so others will not copy them, children grow up with guns and its the shooters responsibility not the weapon used. Those who believe that juveniles should receive adult penalties for serious crimes often claim that the young children are not fully aware of the crime they commit and destruction that will affect the victims of the crime. For example in a shooting at Jonesboro, where an eleven and thirteen year old shot dead four school girls and a teacher, critics distinguished that the attack wasnt committed at the spur of the moment or under the immediate influence of strong emotion. Instead they claim that the killings were highly planned and vigilantly carried out. The two juvenile killers were noted to supplied themselves with a gate away vehicle, wore camouflage clothing, selected a high vantage point form which to shoot, lured their innocent victims out by trigging a fire alarm and waited for the school doors to automatically lock before opening fire. (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 2) The opposing view is that children in their opinion are unable to grasp the consequences of their actions. A child who kills very probably doesnt realize the finality of death and so does not fully understand what he/she has done when they take someones life. Correspondingly, it is claimed that children are unlikely to be deterred for a crime because they are terrified of a cruel punishment. According to this line of disagreement most children are impulsive and have a naive idea in  their own immortality. This means that children are unlikely to think about possible punishments prior to committing a serious crime and are unlikely to be able to even envision penalties like life in jail being applied to them. This point was made by child psychiatrist William Licamele, who claimed, At age 11 or 12 kid are normally self-absorbed, self centered, magical, they dont think anything can happen to them, there is going to be no retribution (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 4) This meaning that the threat of harsh punishment will not prevent them from committing a crime. Thus, it has been argued that applying adult penalties to children who commit serious crimes will have little to no deterrent effect. On the other hand, juveniles should receive adult punishments; fully premeditated murders (like the Jonesboro have been said to be) are no different just because juveniles have committed them. This point questions weather or not the young offenders are adequately aware of the cost of their actions to be held legally liable for them. Mr. Gerard Henderson, executive director of Sydney institute, has summed up this point of arrangement. He claims, I certainly know what I was doing when I was 13 and 11. I suspect that Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden (shooters at Jonesboro) also know what they were doing (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 2) Mr. Gerard Henderson also claims, Those days it is increasingly accepted that most children mature relatively early and that, in an intellectual and recreational sense. Most are relatively independent by 16 (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 2) This indicates that youth are more mature and so its argued that they are more capable of appreciating the consequences of their actions than children in the past years. Focusing on the punishment of these so called more mature youths is shortsighted, as the cause of the crime committed is probably outside the control of the children. According to this line argument, the general public is more likely to be able to prevent these crimes from occurring if they can  discover why they are happening, rather than focusing on the punishment of the individual offender. This suggests that children who commit serious crimes are most likely victims of developments of society or inside their own families that they are not responsible for. E.g. same authorities have suggested that martial breakdown, the disintegration of extended family and families were both parents work may all be factors contributing to child crime. (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 4) Many people say that it doesnt matter that a child committed the crime, but that the damaged he/she caused to the victim is the same no matter the age of the perpetrator. Mitchell Weight, whose wife was one of the five killed at Jonesboro claimed, It doesnt matter that those were boys. Their age has nothing to do with the fact that they murdered my wife and four others (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 3) Those who say that the crime and the damage should remain the same despite the age of the offender seem to mean that the punishment should be that same. This argument is based on the notion of justice. Those who affect serious harm to others should be given a proportionately serve penalty for their crimes. Children may have committed a crime that has caused serious harm due to having had luck of guidance and emotional support. The child may suffer from feelings of desertion, alienation and damaged self-esteem. Which can encourage them to lush out at others. Such children may not have been given adequate role modals to help them cope with whatever hardship they will encounter in their lives. Children who lush out at others and become juvenile offenders should receive comparable penalties to adult crimes so that other young people will not copy them. This point was put by Mr. Gerard Henderson, he argued and said that, The Jonesboro shooting was but the most recent in a wave of schoolyard murders where boys or young men have murdered students and teachers. Who is to say the soft treatment of one young murderer will not encourage another? (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 3) Societies such as the United States where guns are broadly accepted and where  even young children are trained in the use of guns, are giving young offenders a mean of turning their teenage anger and resentment into homicide. If guns were not so widely available then most of the school shootings would have never happened, the child with the sense of grievance would have expressed it in a form such as fighting, truancy or disobedience in class. It has been claimed that children trained from an early age in the use of guns may be desensitized to potentially grave consequences. Children introduced to guns at an early age may simple regard guns as one more toy. Although guns are widely available that opposing view is that you cant blame the availability of weapons for any crime committed using them. A local in Jonesboro stated, You lay a gun on the table and a hundred years from now the gun will still be there, unless someone touches it (Mclnerney, J, 1994: page 4) This argument is saying that the responsibility for the shooting rests with the shooter, not the weapon. I personally believe that it depends on the offender, weather it was committed from a strong emotion or a planned slaughter. Either way they should first go into a program to help them. But if it was a planned slaughter, at the same time of being in a program they should get punished as an adult so they know that they cant get away with it and no one else hopefully will not copy what they have done. The issues that I have covered in this essay are that children dont know/know what they have done, harsh punishment doesnt work well, youths have grown up a lot more quickly, if they harm someone the offender should get the equal amount of punishment, they have has no good role modals, soft treatment will make other youths copy the offenders crime, guns are part if the youths life from a young age and its not the weapons responsibility of the crime that they have committed. Bibliography: Mclnerney, J, 1994 www.echoed.com.au/protected/outlines1/issues.htm Echo Education Services